Journal: Biology

Article Title: Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/biology14080949

Figure Lengend Snippet: SME exhibits potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus . Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SME against E. coli ( A ) and S. aureus ( B ) determined by broth microdilution assay after 24 h treatment. Time-kill kinetics of E. coli ( C ) and S. aureus ( D ) treated with SME at the MIC. Data represent mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using standardized broth microdilution assays, we determined SME’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 31.25 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) after 24 h of incubation ( A,B).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Microdilution Assay

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/biology14080949

Figure Lengend Snippet: SME disrupts E. coli cell envelope integrity . Representative scanning electron micrographs of untreated and SME-treated E. coli and S. aureus cells after 24 h. SME was used at the MIC of 31.25 mg/mL. Magnifications: 10,000× (first column), 30,000× (second column), 60,000× (third column).

Article Snippet: Using standardized broth microdilution assays, we determined SME’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 31.25 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) after 24 h of incubation ( A,B).

Techniques:

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/biology14080949

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptional landscape of SME-treated E. coli . ( A ) Principal component analysis demonstrating clear separation between treatment groups. ( B ) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showing log 2 fold changes versus statistical significance (−log 10 q-value). Red: upregulated DEGs; blue: downregulated DEGs; gray: non-significant genes.

Article Snippet: Using standardized broth microdilution assays, we determined SME’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 31.25 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) after 24 h of incubation ( A,B).

Techniques:

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/biology14080949

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in SME-treated E. coli . ( A ) Upregulated genes are mainly enriched in translation and cell envelope biosynthesis, including ribosome and peptidoglycan pathways. ( B ) Downregulated genes are enriched in central metabolism and DNA repair, including the TCA cycle, ethanolamine utilization, and SOS response. Bubble size corresponds to the number of associated DEGs; color intensity reflects statistical significance (−log 10 p -value).

Article Snippet: Using standardized broth microdilution assays, we determined SME’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 31.25 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) after 24 h of incubation ( A,B).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/biology14080949

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEGG pathway analysis of SME-responsive genes in E. coli . ( A ) Upregulated pathways include ribosome, tRNA biosynthesis, and cell wall assembly. ( B ) Downregulated pathways include the TCA cycle, fatty acid degradation, and biofilm formation. Circle size represents the rich factor (DEGs per pathway); color gradient indicates enrichment significance (−log 10 Q-value).

Article Snippet: Using standardized broth microdilution assays, we determined SME’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 31.25 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) after 24 h of incubation ( A,B).

Techniques:

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/biology14080949

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein–protein interaction networks of SME-responsive genes in E. coli . ( A ) Upregulated network cluster showing coordinated induction of translation machinery (red nodes), peptide metabolism (pink), and ribosome biogenesis (green). ( B ) Downregulated network cluster demonstrating suppression of ethanolamine utilization (red) and central metabolic processes (blue). Nodes represent proteins (size reflects connectivity); edges indicate functional associations (line thickness shows confidence score). All shown interactions are statistically significant (FDR < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Using standardized broth microdilution assays, we determined SME’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 31.25 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) after 24 h of incubation ( A,B).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Unraveling the Gentamicin Drug Product Complexity Reveals Variation in Microbiological Activities and Nephrotoxicity

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00533-20

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microbiological activities of gentamicin congeners against Gram-negative wild-type strains and an isogenic E. coli panel that harbored key aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes

Article Snippet: Against E. coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 wild-type isolates, gentamicin congener MICs all fell within 1 log 2 dilution of the gentamicin mixture MIC, which is likely within the error of the broth microdilution MIC test.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of Fosfomycin in Combination with Selected Antimicrobial Comparison Agents Tested against Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains by Using Time-Kill Curves

doi: 10.1128/AAC.02549-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Categorical interactions for antimicrobial agents tested in checkerboard combinations with fosfomycin for Gram-negative isolates

Article Snippet: In this study, quality control results for fosfomycin and comparator agents when tested against E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were within the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)-established quality control ranges for reference method testing, even though all testing was done in broth microdilution with glucose-6-phosphate.

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of Fosfomycin in Combination with Selected Antimicrobial Comparison Agents Tested against Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains by Using Time-Kill Curves

doi: 10.1128/AAC.02549-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill curves with fosfomycin and comparator agents alone and in combination: (A) time-kill curve for P. aeruginosa isolate 889839 for fosfomycin (with 25 mg/liter glucose-6-phosphate) at 4× MIC both alone and combined with meropenem at 0.25× and 1× MIC; (B) time-kill curve for P. aeruginosa isolate 893949 for fosfomycin (with 25 mg/liter glucose-6-phosphate) at 4× MIC both alone and combined with ceftazidime at 0.25× and 1× MIC; (C) time-kill curve for A. baumannii-A. calcoaceticus species complex isolate 920549 (MDR phenotype) for fosfomycin (with 25 mg/liter glucose-6-phosphate) at 2× MIC both alone and combined with meropenem at 0.25× and 1× MIC; (D) time-kill curve for K. pneumoniae isolate 875100 (CRE phenotype) for fosfomycin (with 25 mg/liter glucose-6-phosphate) at 2× MIC both alone and combined with piperacillin-tazobactam at 0.25× and 1× MIC; and (E) time-kill curve for K. pneumoniae isolate 885542 (ESBL phenotype) for fosfomycin (with 25 mg/liter glucose-6-phosphate) at 4× MIC both alone and combined with ceftazidime at 0.25× and 1× MIC.

Article Snippet: In this study, quality control results for fosfomycin and comparator agents when tested against E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were within the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)-established quality control ranges for reference method testing, even though all testing was done in broth microdilution with glucose-6-phosphate.

Techniques: